کاربست اصول نوشهرگرایی و حس مکان در بازآفرینی محله‌ی آبشوران کرمانشاه

نوع مقاله : مقالات مستقل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه طراحی شهری، دانشکده‌ معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه صنعتی جندی شاپور، دزفول، ایران

2 2دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد طراحی شهری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه صنعتی جندی شاپور، دزفول، ایران

3 پژوهشگر دکتری شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

چکیده

بافت قدیمی شهر کرمانشاه از حیث ابعاد مختلف بخش جدا‌یی‌ناپذیر از شهر موجود است که بخش قابل‌توجهی از تاریخ شهر در کالبد این بافت تجلی یافته است. این بافت امروزه به علت تحولات و تغییرات ساختاری- اجتماعی مختلف (تحولات ساختاری- کالبدی عصر پهلوی، فرسایش شدید کالبدی شهر قدیم و گسترش بخش مخروبه در این شهر و تداوم بی‌توجهی به شهر قدیمی، گسترش بی‌رویه‌ی شهر در اراضی اطراف در سال‌های بعد از انقلاب، اقدامات و مداخله‌‌ی بی‌برنامه و غیر تخصصی در سال‌های اخیر) دچار تحولات اجتماعی و نه صرفا کالبدی در بافت قدیم شده است به‌گونه‌ای که این تحولات، تغییرات ساختاری در بافت اجتماعی و محلات قدیمی را موجب شد و روابط اجتماعی که قرن‌ها در شهر قدیم شکل گرفته بود تضعیف شده و از بین رفته است. بر این اساس محله‌ی آبشوران (قدیمی‌ترین و ابتدایی‌ترین محله‌ای که شهر از آن شروع به رشد کرده است) در بافت قدیم شهر کرمانشاه و تحولاتی که نیز در ادوار مختلف در آن صورت گرفته آن را با مشکلاتی اعم از فرسودگی کالبدی، عدم استحکام بناهای موجود در مقابل ‌زلزله، عدم‌انطباق بافت قدیم با نیازهای روز، عدم‌تناسب فرهنگی- اجتماعی بافت و فقدان حس مکان و ... مواجه کرد.  همین مسأله سبب شده است تا وضعیت بحرانی در دوره‌ی حاضر، خود را به مثابه یکی از چالش‌های پیش روی شهر کرمانشاه و محله نشان دهد. به علت وجود این مشکلات، ضرورت بازآفرینی محله‌ی شهری برمبنای نوشهرگرایی که بر توسعه پایدار و بازگشت به سنت‌ها و احیا ساختار محله و هویت شهر استوار است؛ ایجاب می‌کند تا به یکی از رویکردهای این نحله‌ی فکری از قبیل نوشهرگرایی تمرکز نمود. از این‌رو هدف پژوهش حاضر، بازآفرینی (کالبدی و عملکردی) حس مکان، بر اساس اصول ده‌گانه‌ی منشور نوشهرگرایی محله‌ی آبشوران شهر کرمانشاه است. روش تحقیق توصیفی- تحلیلی و نوع آن کاربردی است. همچنین، از مطالعات اسنادی، مشاهده‌ی میدانی و ابزار پرسش‌نامه جهت گردآوری اطلاعات بهره گرفته‌ شده‌ است. جامعه آماری تمام ساکنین بخش غربی‌محله‌ی آبشوران (سبزه میدان تا مدرس) شهر کرمانشاه است که در این میان 166 نفر به‌عنوان حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران انتخاب شده‌اند. جهت تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها نیز از نرم افزار SPSS نسخه‌ی ۲۴ در قالب آزمون‌های آماری همچون روش همبستگی اسپیرمن و آزمون رگرسیون چندمتغیره استفاده شده‌ است. نتایج حاکی از آن است که هر ده اصل منشور نوشهرگرایی بر بازآفرینی حس مکان محله‌ی آبشوران شهر کرمانشاه مؤثرند و از طرف دیگر توجه به عناصر کالبدی و عملکردی در بازآفرینی تأثیر مستقیمی بر حس مکان دارند و می‌توانند منجر به ارتقای مکان و حیات دوباره‌ی محله‌ی آبشوران گردند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Applying the principles of Neo-urbanism and sense of place in the regeneration of Abshouran neighborhood in Kermanshah

نویسندگان [English]

  • nader pourmosavi 1
  • arezou jamshidi sheikhiabadi 2
  • mojtaba lorzangeneh 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Design, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Jundishapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran
2 Master Student of Urban Design, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Jundishapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran.
3 Ph.D. Candidate in Urbanism, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

The old fabric of Kermanshah city is an inseparable part of the city in terms of different dimensions, and a considerable part of the city's history has been manifested in the body of this texture. Today, due to various structural and social changes (structural-physical changes of the Pahlavi era, severe physical erosion of the old city and the expansion of the dilapidated part of the city and the continuation of neglect of the old city, the indiscriminate expansion of the city in the surrounding lands in the years after the revolution, unplanned and unspecified actions and interventions in recent years) has suffered social and not physical changes in the old texture. These developments caused structural changes in the social fabric and old neighborhoods and the social relationships that had been formed in the Old City for centuries have been weakened and destroyed. Accordingly, Abshouran neighborhood (the oldest and most basic neighborhood from which the city has begun to grow) in the old texture of Kermanshah city and the developments that have also taken place in different periods, it lacks of strength of existing buildings against earthquakes with problems such as physical exhaustion, non-conformity of old texture with the needs of the day, lack of cultural-social disproportionateness of texture and lack of sense of place.  This has led to the critical situation in the present period as one of the challenges facing Kermanshah city and neighborhood. Due to these problems, the necessity of recreating a city neighborhood based on modernism, which is based on sustainable development and returning to traditions and restoring the structure of the neighborhood and the identity of the city, requires that it focuses on one of the approaches of this intellectual stage such as modernism. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to recreate (physical and functional) the sense of place, based on the ten principles of the New-urbanism charter of Abshouran neighborhood in Kermanshah. Descriptive-analytical research method and its type are applied. Also, documentary studies, field observation and questionnaire tools were used to collect data. The statistical population of all residents of the western part of Abshouran neighborhood (Sabzeh Meydan to Madras) is Kermanshah city, among which 166 people were selected as the sample size using Cochran formula. For data analysis, SPSS software version 24 was used in the form of statistical tests such as Spearman correlation method and multivariate regression test. The results indicate that all ten principles of the New Urbanism Charter are effective in recreating the sense of place of Abshouran neighborhood, Kermanshah city. On the other hand, paying attention to physical and functional elements in regeneration have a direct impact on the sense of place and can lead to the improvement of the location and resurgence of the Abshuran neighborhood.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Regeneration
  • Regeneration of the sense of place
  • Neo-urbanism
  • Abshouran neighborhood
  • Kermanshah
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