بازآفرینی شهری در پرتوی نوآوری اجتماعی در شهرهای ایران، نمونه موردی شهر نیشابور

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترا گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

بازآفرینی یک چشم انداز جامع و یکپارچه است که هدف آن حل مشکلات شهری است و به دنبال ایجاد تغییرات پایدار از نظر اقتصادی، فیزیکی، اجتماعی، محیطی است. اما در این روند بیشتر بر ابعاد کالبدی توجه شده و مسائل اجتماعی و فرهنگی کمتر مدنظر بوده است. به نظر می رسد رفع این نقیصه تنها با بهره مندی از نوآوری اجتماعی ممکن باشد. در این معنا، نوآوری اجتماعی به کاربرد شبکه ها، روابط اجتماعی، همکاری، انسجام اجتماعی، ارضای نیازهای انسانی، بهبود کیفیت زندگی، توانمندسازی، پایداری و مقیاس پذیری اشاره دارد. به این منظور، این تحقیق به شیوه توصیفی و تحلیلی و بررسی امکان بهره مندی از نوآوری اجتماعی در بازآفرینی بافت های ناهمگون در شهر نیشابور به انجام رسید. داده های مورد نیاز از نمونه ای به حجم 30 نفر از متخصصان گردآوری شد. این داده ها با استفاده از تکنیک های SWOT و ACCEPT تجزبه و تحلیل و ارزیابی گردید. یافته ها نشان داد که در بافت های ناهمگون نیشابور، 4 راهبرد در حوزه نوآوری اجتماعی امکان استفاده دارند. در این بین، «استفاده از ظرفیت نهادها و هیئات مذهبی در جهت تشویق مردم به مشارکت در طرح های بازآفرینی، بالاترین اولویت را به خود اختصاص می دهد. این یافته نشانگر آن است که مدیران شهری، شرکت ها و سازمان ها، می توانند از رویکردهای کم هزینه تر، اما موثرتری در بازآفرینی بهره برداری نمایند که تاکنون توجه چندانی به آنها نشده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Urban Regeneration in the Light of Social Innovation in Iranian Cities (Case Study: Neyshabur City)

نویسندگان [English]

  • narges sadat razavi 1
  • Rostam Saberifar 2
  • Seyyed mehdi Mousakazemi 2
1 Ph.D. student, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Social Sciences, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Social Sciences, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The growth of the urban population has generated unequal access to basic infrastructure and created heterogeneous spaces in the urban fabric. For this reason, now all factors are looking to rethink the use of land in the way of urban regeneration. Urban regeneration consists of a comprehensive and integrated vision, which aims to solve urban problems and seeks to generate lasting changes in terms of economic, physical, social, environmental, and governmental conditions of areas that are subject to transformations/alterations. But in this process, more attention is paid to physical aspects, and social and cultural issues are less considered. Solving this shortcoming seems only possible by benefiting from social innovation. In this sense, social innovation refers to using networks, social relations, collaboration, social cohesion, human needs satisfaction, quality of life improvements, empowerment, sustainability, and scalability. For this purpose, the current research was carried out descriptively and analytically to investigate the possibility of benefiting from social innovation in the regeneration of heterogeneous textures in the city of Neishabur. The required data was collected from a sample of 30 specialists. These data were analyzed and evaluated using SWOT and ACCEPT techniques. The findings showed that in the heterogeneous contexts of Neyshabur, four strategies can be used in the field of social innovation. In the meantime, using the capacity of religious institutions and bodies to encourage people to participate in regeneration projects is given the highest priority. This finding indicates that city managers, companies, and organizations can use less costly but more effective approaches to regeneration that have not been paid much attention to.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Urban regeneration
  • social innovation
  • quality of life
  • heterogeneous texture
  • Neishabur
 
Alexis, C., Chris, B., & Edmund, G. (2008). Using a GIS-based network analysis to determine urban green space accessibility for different ethnic and religious groups. Landsc. Urban Plan, 86, 103–114.
Alpopi, C., & Manole, C. (2013). Integrated Urban Regeneration-Solution for Cities Revitalize. Procedia Economics and Finance, 6, 178-185.
Amirfakhrian, M., & Mobini, H. (2017). Analysis of the effects of physical interventions of urban reconstruction on social sustainability, the case study: the reconstruction plan of Majd residential commercial project in Mashhad. Scientific Quarterly of Urban Ecology Research, 9(18), 87-104. (In Persian)
Andalib, A., Ashkan, B., & Rasouli, L. (2012). Comparison and comparison of reconstruction of the worn-out textures of Khayam Shahr block of Tehran and Liverpool project. Amish Environment, 6(23), 79-104. (In Persian)
Bhavand Mehraz Consulting Engineers (2016). empowerment and organizing plan of informal settlements in Neishabur city. General Department of Road and Urban Development of Khorasan Razavi Province. (In Persian)
Bignetti, L. (2011). As inovações sociais: uma incursão por ideias, tendências e focos de pesquisa. Ciências Sociais Unisinos, 47(1), 3-14.
Biranvand, M., & Jahanbakhsh, H. (2022). Increasing the livability of dilapidated urban tissues through the application of ecological interventionist strategic programs, case study: Khoramabad city. Scientific Quarterly of Urban Ecology Research, 13(3), 1-22. (In Persian)
Borges, M., Delgado AS., Costa, LA., De Aguiar, R., Dandolini, G., & Souza, J. (2015). Inovação social: uma gênese a partir da visão sistêmica e teoria da ação comunicativa de Habermas. Fourth International Conference on Integration of Design, Engineering and Management for innovation - IDEMI 2015. Anais. Florianópolis. 1-13.
Carter, A., & Roberts, P. (2000). Strategy and Partnership in Urban Regeneration, Urban Regeneration. SAGE Publication, London.
Chen, Y., Song, Y., Bowker, S., & Hamilton, A. (2012). The suregen workbench: A web-based collaborative regeneration tool. International Journal of E-Planning Research, 1(2), 44–64. Christelle, B., & Damidavičiūtė, A. (2016). Urban Regeneration in Rio de Janeiro Favelas during the Olympic games of 2016. Master Thesis in Development & International Relations, Supervisor: Malayna Raftopoulos. Oxford: University of Oxford.
Colantonio, A., & Dixon, T. (2011). Urban Regeneration and Social Sustainability: Best Practice from European Cities. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Faludi, A. (1973). planning theory. Oxford: Pergamon.
Figueiredo, Y., Aparecida Prim, M., & Aparecida Dandolini, G. (2022). Urban regeneration in the light of social innovation: A systematic integrative literature review. Land Use Policy, 113, 105873.
Flamaki, M. M. (2001). Reconstruction Builder and Historical Cities. Tehran: University of Tehran. (In Persian)
Fonseca, W., Oliveira, A.M., Vogado, G., Sousa, G., Sousa, T., Sousa Júnior, S., & Luz, C. (2015). Causes and consequences of the rural exodus in brazilian northeast. Nucleus 12 (1), 233–240.
Goyer, R. (2019). Innovate or fode Away. Retrived 2022 Dec, 25. from http:/www.flyingway.com.
Healey, P. (1997). Collaborative Planning: Shaping Places in Fragmented Societies. London, England: Macmillan Press Ltd.
Hooks, G. (1983). Correlations of Adoption Behaviors: The Case of Farm Technologies. Rural Soc, 48, 308-323.
Jacobs, J. (2012). Death and life in the big cities of America. Platonic and Persian translation, Tehran: University of Tehran. (In Persian)
Johari, A., Pourjafar, M., & Masnavi, M. (2012). An analysis about the revitalization of urban centers. Haft Shahr Quarterly, 11(44), 23-35. (In Persian)
Karimi, Y. (2000). Attitude and attitude change. Tehran: Publishing House, Ed. (In Persian)
Kaza, N., & Cooper, M. (2012). Challenges of urban infill, program American planning association. New York: sustainable cities institute.
Kimhi, S. (2016). Levels of resilience: Associations among individual, community, and national resilience. Journal of health psychology, 21(2), 164-170.
La Rosa, D. (2017). Assessing spatial benefits of urban regeneration programs in a highly vulnerable urban context: A case study in Catania. Landscape and Urban Planning, 157, 180-192.
Mendes, L. (2013). Public policies on urban rehabilitation and their effects on gentrification in Lisbon, AGIR. Revista Interdisciplinar de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, 1(5), 200-218.
Ministry of Roads and City Planning. (2014). Comprehensive framework of urban regeneration. Tehran: Ministry of Roads and City Planning.
Moore, G. (2015). Crossing the chasm. Retrieved 2019, Oct 12. from http://www.amazon.com/Crossing-Chasm-Marketing-High-Tech-Mainstream/dp/0887307175.
Moulaert, F., Martinelli, F., González, S., & Swyngedouw, E. (2007). Introduction: Social Innovation and Governance in European Cities: Urban Development Between Path Dependency and Radical Innovation. European Urban and Regional Studies, 14(3), 195–209.
Mulgan, G., Tucker, S., Ali, R., & Sanders, B. (2007). Social Innovation: What it is, why it matters and how it can be accelerated. Oxford: Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship.
Murray, R., Caulier-Grice, J., & Mulgan, G. (2010). The Open Book of Social Innovation. London: Young Foundation.
Nestico, A., Elia, C., & Naddeo, V. (2020). Sustainability of urban regeneration projects: novel selection model based on analytic network process and zero-one goal programming. Land Use Policy, 99, 83-104.
Phills J., Deiglmeier, K., & Miller, D. (2008). Rediscovering Social Innovation. Stanford Social Innovation Review, 6, 34.
Pourahmad, A., Habibi, K., & Keshavarz, M. (2009). The evolution of the concept of urban regeneration as a new approach in worn-out urban contexts. Iranian-Islamic City Quarterly, 1(1), 73-92. (In Persian)
Prim, M.A., Aguiar, R., Dandolini, G. (2017). Banco de Palmas: um caminho para o Empoderamento Comunit´ ario atrav´es da Inovaçao ˜ Social. Produçao ˜ em Foco, 7, 1-12.
Queirós, M. (2010). Integrated urban revitalization in Montreal: lessons from local development initiatives, Finisterra, XLV, 89, 47-77.
Poorahmad, A., Habibi, K., Keshavarz, M. (2010). The evolution of the concept of urban regeneration as a new approach in worn-out urban contexts. Iranian-Islamic City, 1(1), 92-73. (In Persian)
Roberts, P., & Sykes, H. (2000). Urban Regeneration. SAGE Publication, London.
Saberifar, R. (2011). Investigating the influencing factors on the membership and participation of villagers in rural cooperative companies, a case study of Razavi Khorasan province. Geography and urban-regional studies, 8(4). 65-76. (In Persian)
Saberifar, R., Falsoleiman, M., & Qaisari, S. (2012). Sustainable Local Development and attract maximum participation of people based on international experience carbon sequestration, Geography and Development, Number 28.
Saberifar, R., Kamel, A., & Khalilinia, A. (2018). Taking advantage of strategic planning for revitalizing worn-out urban tissues (the case study of Birjand city. Geography and Environmental Studies, 8(29), 35-46. (In Persian)
Sabrifar, R. (2022). Investigating the influencing factors on people's participation in the regeneration of dilapidated urban tissues, research case: Mashhad city. Scientific Quarterly of Urban Ecology Research, 13(3), 114-97. (In Persian)
Sabrifar, R. (2023). Determining priority areas for regeneration in inefficient urban contexts based on the theory of innovation acceptance (case study: Torbat Heydarieh city). Human settlement planning studies, 18(4). (In Persian)
Santos Delgado, A. (2016). Framework para caracterizar la innovacion ´ social sobre sus procesos (Tese de doutorado). Centro Tecnologico, ´ Programa de Pos-Graduaç ´ ao ˜ em Engenharia e Gest˜ ao do Conhecimento. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brasil.
Tahani, A., Dehmarde Pahlan, M., Rezaei R., & Tahani, H. (2018). Strategic development planning of worn-out urban fabric with emphasis on public participation (case example: worn-out fabric of Reza city). Restoration and Architecture of Iran, 4(17), 53-62. (In Persian)
Tanrikul, A., & Hoskara, S. (2019). A New Framework for the Regeneration Process of Mediterranean Historic City Centres. Sustainability, 11(16), 44-83.
Torill, N., & Abdelillah, H. (2019). The Transformative Power of Social Innovation in Urban Planning and Local Development, Urban Planning, 4(1), 1-6.
Yousefi, A., & Nabavi, E. (2012). The worn-out urban fabric and its social dimensions, the first conference on geography. Urban planning and sustainable development, Tehran. (In Persian)
Zemanati, A., & Mahdavi, A. (2015). Revitalization of urban identity in the dilapidated context of Kerman Citadel neighborhood with a collaborative approach. National Conference on Tourism Culture and Urban Identity, Kerman University, Kerman. (In Persian)