واکاوی تأثیر گسترش شهری بر تغییرات مکانی جزیره‌ی حرارتی شهر ساری

نوع مقاله : مقاله استخراج از رساله و پایان نامه

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، آب و هواشناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران

چکیده

در دنیای امروز سرعت شهرنشینی رو به افزایش است که با این توسعه، شهرها جایگزین بخش وسیعی از زمین‌های کشاورزی و جنگلی شدند. این عامل سبب شد دمای سطح شهر نسبت به محیط اطراف آن بالاتر باشد و معضلاتی همچون جزیره حرارتی را به وجود آورد که تأثیر زیادی بر کیفیت هوا و متعاقب آن سلامت عمومی جامعه می‌گذارد. در این پژوهش جزیره حرارتی منطقه مورد مطالعه و روند تغییرات و اثرات آن مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بدین ترتیب از تصاویر ماهواره لندست 5 برای سال‌های1990 تا 2020 و همین‌طور از نرم‌افزارهایی مانند ENVI, Arc GIS, Google Ear استفاده گردید و تغییر درجه حرارت و نقاط گرم و سرد در طی سی سال مورد بررسی و ارزیابی قرار گرفت و نتایج آن با توجه به اهداف موردنظر طبقه‌بندی و دسته‌بندی گردید. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد دما در کاربری‌های متراکم، بایر، صنعتی بالا بوده و در قسمت‌هایی که دارای پوشش گیاهی هستند دارای دمای پایین‌تری هستند. در طول 30 سال در شهر ساری میزان دمای سطحی افزایش پیدا کرده و تعداد نقاط گرم هم در طی این دوره بررسی زیاد شده اس  به‌طوری که وسعت نقاط گرم در سال 199  14.300 متر مربع بوده و در سال 2020 به 267.660 متر مربع رسیده است. براساس این موضوعات می‌توان گفت که در شهر ساری بر تعداد کاربری‌های انسان‌ساز افزوده شده و نقاط گرمایی بیشتری در این شهر به وجود آمدند که این نقاط در حال افزایش هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Analyzing the Impact of Urban Development on the Spatial Changes of the Thermal Island of Sari City

نویسندگان [English]

  • Milad Mansouri 1
  • Hematollah Roradeh 2
  • Taher Safarrad 2
1 Ph.D. student of climatology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Physiography-Geography, Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Iran
چکیده [English]

In today's world, the speed of urbanization is increasing, and with this development, cities replaced a large part of agricultural and forest land. This factor caused the surface temperature of the city to be higher than its surrounding environment and created problems such as the heat island, which significantly affects the air quality and, subsequently, the public health of the society. In this research, the thermal island of the studied area, the process of changes, and its effects were investigated. In this way, Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images for the years 1990 to 2020, as well as software such as ENVI, ARC GIS, and GOOGLE Earth, were used, and the temperature change and hot and cold spots during thirty years were investigated and evaluated. The results were classified and categorized according to the desired goals and showed that the temperature is high in dense, barren, industrial uses, and lower in the parts with vegetation. During 30 years in Sari, the surface temperature and the number of hot spots increased. Most hot spots are concentrated in high-density areas and dense urban constructions while the cold spots in the images are mostly in the outskirts and parts outside the city, which are mostly covered by vegetation and open space; so, the extent of hot spots in 1990 was 14,300 square meters, and in 2020 it reached 267,660 square meters. Based on these results, it can be said that the number of human-made uses has increased in Sari, and more hot spots have appeared in this city and are still increasing.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Land surface temperature
  • heat island
  • urban development
  • NDVI
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