بررسی تأثیر مصالح پیاده‌راه‌ها در آسایش حرارتی محیط شهری (با تأکید بر کف‌سازی سرد)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد، گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران

3 گروه معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه فنی و حرفه ای، تهران، ایران

چکیده

گسترش جوامع شهری موجب بروز تغییرات قابل توجهی در شرایط محیط زندگی انسان‌‌‌ها شد. این تغییرات مشکلات زیادی ازجمله افزایش تنش‌‌‌های حرارتی و عدم برقراری آسایش حرارتی در فضای شهرها را به وجود آوردند. ازجملۀ این تغییرات حضور سطوح مصنوع در فضا‌‌‌های شهری است که جایگزین سطوح طبیعی شده است و درصد بالایی از سطح شهرها را شامل می‌‌‌شوند. تفاوت در ویژگی‌‌‌های سطوح مصنوع، تأثیر آنها را بر شرایط آسایش حرارتی محیط، نسبت به سطوح طبیعی متفاوت کرده است. در این پژوهش پیاده‌‌‌راه‌‌‌ها که بخش بزرگی از سطوح مصنوع در شهرها را شامل می‌‌‌شوند، موضوع مورد مطالعه است و اثرات تغییر در ویژگی‌‌‌های آنها بر آسایش حرارتی در فضاهای باز ارزیابی می‌‌‌شود. در این مطالعه از روش‌‌‌های اندازه‌‌‌گیری‌‌‌های میدانی و شبیه‌‌‌سازی عددی استفاده شده است. اندازه‌‌‌گیری‌‌‌های میدانی به‌‌‌وسیله دستگاه دیتالاگر و در محوطه دانشگاه امام خمینی قزوین انجام شد. همچنین با مدل‌‌‌سازی سایت توسط نرم‌‌‌افزار انویمت شبیه‌‌‌سازی‌‌‌های عددی برای گرم‌‌‌ترین روز از سال (25 تیر1401) انجام شد. نتایج داده‌‌‌های به‌‌‌دست‌‌‌آمده از شبیه‌‌‌سازی‌‌‌ها با داده‌‌‌های اندازه‌‌‌گیری شده اعتبار‌‌‌سنجی شد. سپس دو ویژگی مصالح پیاده‌‌‌راه، آلبدو (ضریب بازتاب) و ضخامت مصالح در مقادیر مختلف شبیه‌‌‌سازی و نتایج به‌‌‌دست‌‌‌آمده از تاثیرگذاری آنها بر روی PET آسایش‌‌‌حرارتی محیط توسط دو شاخص دمای معادل فیزیولوژیکی و شاخص جهانی آب‌‌‌وهوای حرارتی (UTCI) ارزیابی شد. بر‌‌‌اساس نتایج، آلبدو اثرگذاری بیشتری بر روی شاخص‌‌‌های حرارتی دارد که کاهش در مقدار آن از 0.8 به 0.2 حداکثر 3 و به‌‌‌طور متوسط 0.4 درجه سانتی‌‌‌گراد باعث کاهش در شاخص آسایش حرارتی PET خواهد شد. ضخامت مصالح پیاده‌‌‌راه‌‌‌ها نیز مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت که نتایج مربوط به آن نشان‌‌‌دهندۀ اثر‌‌‌گذاری بسیار کم و مقطعی تغییرات این مشخصه، بر روی آسایش حرارتی محیط است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating the Effect of the Characteristics of Sidewalk Mate-rials in Improving the Thermal Comfort of the Urban Environ-ment with an Emphasis on Cool Pavement

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hiva Hassanzadeh 1
  • Maryam Azmoodeh 2
  • Najmeh Masteri Farahani 3
1 Master of Science, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Imam Khomeini Interna-tional University, Qazvin, Iran
2 assistant professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Imam Khomeini Inter-national University, Qazvin, Iran
3 Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The expansion of urban societies caused significant changes in the living environment of humans. These changes caused many problems, including the increase in thermal tensions and lack of thermal comfort in the cities. Among these changes is the presence of artificial surfaces in urban spaces, which have replaced natural surfaces and include a high percentage of the surface of cities. The difference in the characteristics of the artificial surfaces has made their impact on the thermal comfort conditions of the environment different compared to the natural surfaces. In this research, sidewalks, which include a large part of artificial surfaces in cities, are the subject of study, and the effects of changes in their characteristics on thermal comfort in open spaces are evaluated. Field measurements and numerical simulation methods were used in this study. Field measurements were carried out by a data logger on the campus of Imam Khomeini University of Qazvin. Also, numerical simulations were performed for the hottest day of the year (July 25, 1401) by modeling the site using Envimet software. The results of the data obtained from the simulations were validated with the measured data. Then two characteristics of pavement materials, albedo (reflection coefficient) and material thickness, were investigated in different amounts of simulation and the results obtained from their impact on the thermal comfort of the environment were evaluated by two indices of Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) and Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). According to the results, albedo has a greater effect on thermal indices, and reducing its value from 0.8 to 0.2 to a maximum of 3 and an average of 0.4 degrees Celsius will cause a decrease in the thermal comfort index of PET. The thickness of the pavement materials was also evaluated, and the related results indicate the very small and partial effect of changes in this characteristic on the thermal comfort of the environment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Thermal comfort
  • urban space
  • pavement materials
  • Albedo
  • material thickness
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