طراحی معماری شهری همساز با اقلیم با استفاده از ابزار مشاور آب و هوایی (مطالعه موردی شهر شیراز)

نوع مقاله : مقالات مستقل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه آب و هواشناسی و ژئومرفولوژی، دانشکده جغرافیا و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران

چکیده

هدف این پژوهش  طراحی معماری همساز با اقلیم برای شهر شیراز بوده و به این منظور نرم‌افزار Climate consultant مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. قابلیت این نرم‌افزار نمایش و بررسی گرافیکی ویژگی‌های آب و هواشناسی است که از یک پایگاه قوی و مستند به نام EPW در گام زمانی میانگین های درازمدت ساعتی  برای داده های تابش، دمای خشک، دمای خاک در اعماق مختلف، رطوبت نسبی، سرعت و جهت باد استفاده می‌کند. تعیین حد آسایش وارائه راهبردهای مربوط به صرفه‌جویی انرژی در مناطق آب و هوایی مختلف از قابلیتهای مهم این ابزاراست. نتایج نشان داد؛ ماه‌های ژانویه، فوریه و دسامبر به طور کامل خارج از محدوده آسایش حرارتی هستند وبیشترین شرایط آسایش در دامنه تابشی 800 تا 900 وات بر متر مربع با دامنه دمایی 20 تا 25 درجه سانتی‌گراد قرار دارد. بر اساس نمودار سایکرومتری، تنها 1/10 درصد از ساعات سال در شرایط آسایش کامل قرار دارند و رسیدن به افزایش شرایط آسایش، نیازمند استفاده از استراتژی های متفاوت همچون استفاده از کولرآبی (2831ساعت در سال) است. ضخامت ایده‌آل برای توده دیوارها 10 تا 5/12 سانتی متر با بهینه مصالح (آجر، بتن و سنگ) برآورد شده است. استفاده از ساختارهای انبوه با حفره‌های کوچک که عمل تهویه شبانه را انجام می‌دهند، بسیارمناسب می‌باشد. استفاده از پنکه های سقفی می تواند دمای داخلی را حداقل به میزان 2.8 درجه سانتی گراد کاهش دهد. سقف‌های مسطح با رنگ روشن مناسب ترین گزینه بوده و در طراحی های دارای صحن حیاط، وجود حوضچه‌های کوچک در تامین سرمایش اتاق‌های مجاورکاملا موثر است. از فضای داخلی ودرب ها می تواند برای ارتقاء تهویه متقابل طبیعی استفاده شود.با سایه اندازی مناسب پنجره ها همسو با جهت باد غالب واستفاده از تهویه طبیعی مطبوع، نیاز سرمایشی به طور قابل توجه کاهش می یابد. موارد فوق می‌توانند ازمهمترین راهکارهای بهینه‌سازی مصرف انرژی در ساختمان باشند

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Application of the Climate Consultant Tool in the Design of Architecture Compatible with the Climate (Case Study: Shiraz City)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hematollah Roradeh 1
  • mohammad baaghideh 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Climatology and Geomorphology, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
چکیده [English]

The aim of this research is to evaluate the capabilities and limitations of climate parameters in Shiraz’s urban design and architecture with a focus on energy management. For this purpose, Climate Consultant software was used; this software can display and graphically examine climatic features and uses a strong and documented database called EPW in the time step of long-term hourly averages for radiation data, dry temperature, soil temperature at different depths, relative humidity, and wind speed and direction. Determining the level of comfort and providing energy-saving strategies in different climate zones are among the important capabilities of this tool. The results showed that the months of January, February, and December are completely outside the range of thermal comfort, and the most comfortable conditions are in the radiation range of 800 to 900 W/m2 with a temperature range of 20 to 25 degrees Celsius. According to the psychometric chart, 10.1% of the hours of the year are in complete comfort conditions, and reaching comfort conditions in other hours and days of the year requires the use of different strategies. The ideal thickness for the mass of the walls is estimated to be 4 to 5 inches with optimal materials (brick, concrete, and stone), and it is better for the mass of the inner wall to be denser than the outer wall. It is very convenient to use massive structures with small holes that perform night ventilation. Ceiling fans can reduce indoor temperature by at least 2.8 degrees Celsius. Flat roofs with light colors are the most suitable option, and in designs with courtyards, the presence of small ponds is very effective in cooling the adjacent rooms. Interior spaces and doors can be used to promote natural cross-ventilation. Also, to protect privacy, the design of air-flow jump channels can be used. By shading the windows in line with the direction of the prevailing wind, natural ventilation can reduce or even eliminate the need for cooling facilities

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Climate design
  • thermal comfort
  • energy optimization
  • Shiraz
ASHRAE, 2005. ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals.Available on: www.ashrae.org.
California Energy Code. (2023). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Energy_Code.
Cheng, V., Ng, E., Chan, C., & Givoni, B. (2012). Outdoor thermal comfort study in a sub-tropical climate: a longitudinal study based in Hong Kong. International journal ofbiometeorology.56(1):43-56. doi:10.1007/s00484-010-0396-z. 
Coch, H. (1998). Chapter 4- Bioclimatism in vernacular architecture. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2(1-2):67-87.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-0321(98)00012-4
De Freitas, C.R. (2003). Tourism climatology: evaluating environmental information for decision making and business planning in the recreation and tourism sector. Int J Biometeorol 48, 45–54. doi:
10.1007/s00484-003-0177-z
DeKay, M,. Brown GZ.  (2013). Sun, wind, and light: Architectural design strategies. Publisher, John Wiley. ISBN: 858-9751052107
Fanger, PO. (1970). Thermal comfort. analysis and applications in environmental engineering. Danish Technical Press, 1970.
Fars Province Management and Planning Organization, Deputy of Statistics and Information (2022). (In Persian)
Givoni, B. (1992). Comfort, climate analysis and building design guidelines. Energy and buildings.18(1):11-23.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-7788(92)90047-K
Hanan, M. Taleb. (2014). Using passive cooling strategies to improve thermal performance and reduce energy consumption of residential buildings in U.A.E. buildings. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 3(2), 154–165.
doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2014.01.002
Kasmaei, M. (2004). Climate and Architecture, Tehran. Khak publications. (In Persian)
Lechner N. (2014). Heating, cooling, lighting: Sustainable design methods for architects: John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, 23.
Management  and Planning Organization of Fars Province (2016) , Fars, Department of Statistics and Budget.
Manzano-Agugliaro, F., Montoya, FG., Sabio-Ortega, A., García-Cruz, A. (2015). Review of bioclimatic architecture strategies for achieving thermal comfort. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.49:736-755.
doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.095
Moghani Rahimi, B., & Porbar, Z. (2013). The climate and architecture of Shiraz. Geographical information (Sephar). 22(87). (In Persian)
Moghbel, Maasomeh. (2022). Climate compatible architecture in Shiraz city with the aim of optimizing energy consumption. The 9th national conference of modern studies and research in geography. (In Persian)
Mohammadnia Qaraei, S., & Javedani Khalifeh, N. (2003). Using climatic elements in the construction of settlements in cold and mountainous regions with the aim of saving and optimizing fuel consumption. Third conference on optimizing fuel consumption in buildings, Tehran. (In Persian)
Khosravi,Y. Balyani,S. Bayat,A. (2017). Time analysis of annual rainfall in Shiraz using time series analysis. Journal of Water Resources Engineering. 11(38). (In Persian)
Pourgholamhasan, E., Baaghideh, M., & Salmani Moghadam, M. (2015). The role of climate in the architecture of different urban contexts, a case study, Sabzevar city. Regional urban studies and researches, 7(26), 105-126. (In Persian)
Pourvahidi, P., Ozdeniz, MB. (2013). Bioclimatic analysis of Iranian climate for energy conservation in architecture. Scientific Research and Essays.8(1):6-16.
DOI:10.5897/SRE11.518
Qureshi Golugahi, SA. (2017). limiting parameters of energy consumption in architecture, the first international conference on the application of engineering sciences in the development and progress of Iran, Mashhad. (In Persian)
Roostaei, S., Khodakarmi, J. (2015). Investigating the effect of external canopy on the energy consumption of a residential apartment building in Bushehr region. First Annual Congress World and Energy Crisis. Shiraz. (In Persian)
Rupp, RF., & Ghisi, E. (2014). What is the most adequate method to assess thermal comfort in hybrid commercial buildings located in hot-humid summer climate Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.29:449-62. doi:
10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.102
Sabouri,S., & Rahimi, L. (2017).     Temporal analysis of climatic comfort of cities with the approach of reducing energy consumption, case study of Tehran, Tabriz, Isfahan, Shiraz, Yazd and Bandar Abbas. Quarterly Journal of Energy Planning and Policy Studies. 1396; 3 (1): 7-35. (In Persian)
Safaiepur,M., Shabankari, M.,& Taghavi,S. (2013). Bioclimatic indicators effective on the evaluation of human comfort (case study: Shiraz city). Geography and Environmental Planning, Vol 24, N 50. (In Persian)
Saleigeh, M. (2004). Modelling of Housing Construction in Accordance with Climatic Factors of Chabahar. Geography and Development, 2(4),147-170.
doi: 10.22111/GDIJ.2004.3889. (In Persian) 
Turk, EE. (2010). Hypothermia. Forensic science, medicine, and pathology. 2010;6(2):106-15.
doi: 10.1007/s12024-010-9142-4
Www.energy.ca.gov
Www.designbuilder.co.uk/cahelp/Content/ViewEditEPWFiles.htm.