تاب‌آوری در برابر سوانح طبیعی: ارزیابی کاربست رویکرد طبیعت‌محور (NBS) در زیرساخت‌های شهری (مطالعه موردی: مناطق منتخب تهران)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی‌ارشد، گروه برنامه‌ریزی منطقه‌ای، دانشکدۀ شهرسازی، دانشکدگان هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه برنامه‌ریزی منطقه‌ای، دانشکدۀ شهرسازی، دانشکدگان هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه شهرسازی، دانشکدۀ شهرسازی، دانشکدگان هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

با توجه ‌به چالش‌های فزاینده‌ای مانند تغییرات اقلیمی، سیلاب‌ها و آلودگی هوا در تهران، این پژوهش به ارزیابی نقش راهکارهای مبتنی بر طبیعتNBS) ) در ارتقاء تاب‌آوری شهری می‌پردازد. هدف اصلی، پاسخ به این پرسش کلیدی است که چالش‌های نهادی، فنی، مالی و اجتماعی در مسیر کاربست NBS در زیرساخت‌های شهری تهران کدام‌اند و چه چهارچوبی برای غلبه بر آن‌ها می‌توان ارائه داد. این مطالعه با روش پژوهش کمی و با ماهیت توصیفی - اکتشافی، از مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی (پرسش‌نامۀ خبرگان‌محور) برای گردآوری داده‌ها بهره برده است. سپس با استفاده از فرآیند تحلیل شبکه‌ایANP) ) به‌عنوان یک روش تصمیم‌گیری چندمعیاره، اولویت‌های اجرای NBS در چهار منطقۀ منتخب تهران (مناطق ۱، ۵، ۱۲ و ۲۲) ارزیابی شد. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که در میان مؤلفه‌های تاب‌آوری، «تاب‌آوری زیست‌محیطی» (با امتیاز ۰.۲۳۸) و در میان راهکارها، «توسعۀ فضاهای سبز نفوذپذیر» (با امتیاز ۰.۲۲۳) بالاترین اولویت را دارند. این پژوهش در پاسخ به سؤال اصلی خود، مشخص کرد که مهم‌ترین چالش‌ها به ترتیب «کمبود منابع مالی» (چالش مالی)، «ضعف هماهنگی بین‌بخشی» (چالش نهادی) و «مشارکت ضعیف ذی‌نفعان» (چالش اجتماعی) هستند. همچنین نتایج حاکی از آن است که منطقۀ یک (شمیرانات) به دلیل آسیب‌پذیری بالا و توانایی اکولوژیک، با امتیاز نرمال‌شدۀ ۰.۴۸۹ بالاترین اولویت را برای اجرای NBS دارد. درنهایت، این مطالعه با تحلیل شکاف میان یافته‌های فنی و واقعیت‌های اجرایی، یک «چارچوب تاب‌آوری تطبیقی» به‌عنوان نقشۀ راه پیشنهاد می‌دهد. این چارچوب که بر سه اصل یادگیری پویا، حکمرانی چندلایه و پایش هوشمند استوار است، راهکاری برای غلبه بر چالش‌های شناسایی‌شده و کاهش شکاف میان نظریه و عمل ارائه می‌دهد. این پژوهش با ارائۀ شواهد علمی و اولویت‌بندی مشخص، بر ضرورت تغییر پارادایم از مداخلات پراکنده به سمت برنامه‌ریزی نظام‌مند و تطبیق‌پذیر برای دست‌یابی به تهران تاب‌آور تأکید می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Resilience to natural disasters: An Assessment of the Application of Nature-based Solutions (NBS) in Urban Infrastructure (A Case Study of Selected Districts in Tehran)

نویسندگان [English]

  • vida auobi 1
  • Somayeh Ahani 2
  • Amir Hosein Azimpour 3
1 M.A in Regional Planning, Department of Regional Planning, Faculty of Urban Planning, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Regional Planning, Faculty of Urban Planning, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 PhD student in Urban Planning, Department of Regional Planning, Faculty of Urban Planning, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

This research evaluates the role of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) in enhancing urban resilience. The primary objective is to address the key question of what institutional, technical, financial, and social challenges exist in implementing NBS in Tehran's urban infrastructure and what framework can be proposed to overcome them. This study employed a quantitative research method with a descriptive-exploratory approach, utilizing library-based and field studies for data collection. Subsequently, the ANP, as a multi-criteria decision-making method, was used to assess the priorities for implementing NBS in four selected districts of Tehran. The findings indicated that among resilience components, "environmental resilience" and among solutions, "development of permeable green spaces" have the highest priorities. In response to the main research question, the study identified the most significant challenges as "lack of financial resources", "weak inter-sectoral coordination", and "lack of stakeholder participation", respectively. Additionally, the results revealed that District 1, due to its high vulnerability and ecological capacity, holds the highest priority for NBS implementation with a normalized score of 0.489. Ultimately, the study proposes an "Adaptive Resilience Framework" as an operational roadmap. By providing scientific evidence and clear prioritization, this research underscores the necessity of shifting from fragmented interventions to systematic and adaptive planning to achieve a resilient Tehran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Climate change
  • environmental hazards
  • urban infrastructure
  • Analytic Network Process (ANP)
  • Tehran

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مطالعات ساختار و کارکرد شهری
دوره 13، شماره 3
شهریور 1405
صفحه 83-107

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 19 مرداد 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 10 آبان 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 18 خرداد 1405

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