بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر تغییر پوشش اراضی حاشیه کلان‌شهرها (مطالعۀ موردی: شهر رشت)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

در سال‌های اخیر با افزایش روزافزون جمعیت تغییرات بارزی در وضعیت پوشش زمین به‌وجود آمده‌است و این روند در آینده نیز ادامه خواهد داشت. در حال حاضر تغییر پوشش غیراصولی اراضی یکی از مهم‌ترین معضلات موجود در شهرهای کشور است که بسیاری از آثار زیان‌بار آن ممکن است در آینده‌ای نزدیک عینیت پیدا کند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی وضعیت تغییر پوشش اراضی در حاشیۀ کلان‌شهر رشت به‌دنبال پاسخ به این سؤالات است که مؤلفه‌های تأثیرگذار بر افزایش سرعت روند تغییر پوشش اراضی حاشیه شهری کدامند و چه راهبردهایی جهت کاهش سرعت این روند وجود دارد و روند تغییرات کاربری زمین (کشاورزی به مسکونی) در شهر رشت در سال‌های اخیر چگونه بوده‌است. تحقیق حاضر از جهت روش، توصیفی- اکتشافی و دارای رویکرد کیفی است. به‌منظور گردآوری اطلاعات مورد‌نیاز از دو روش مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و مطالعۀ پیمایشی از طریق انجام مصاحبه‌ به‌روش نیمه‌ساختار یافته و عمیق استفاده شده‌است. یافته‌ها و نتایج در این پژوهش نشان‌دهندۀ این است که مؤلفه‌های تأثیرگذار بر تغییر پوشش اراضی حاشیه‌ای در دسته‌های مختلف اجتماعی، اقتصادی، کالبدی، زیست‌محیطی و مدیریتی قابل‌تقسیم ‌هستند در این خصوص مهاجرت افراد از روستاهای پیرامون به شهر و ایجاد پدیدۀ‌ حاشیه‌نشینی ماهیت توریستی شهر رشت و جذب بالای گردشگر و افزایش پدیدۀ پراکنش شهری جزء مهم‌ترین عوامل هستند. در مجموع می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که اراضی موجود در حاشیۀ کلان‌شهرها از مهم‌ترین ارکان هر شهر محسوب می‌شوند و با توجه به سیر صعودی تغییر کاربری اراضی، ارائۀ راهبردها و راهکارهای متنوع ضرورت می‌یابد. در همین راستا می‌توان گفت راهبردهای گوناگونی همچون اختصاص مالیات سبز برای تغییر کاربری ‌ترویج توسعۀ میان‌افزا و بازتعریف جایگاه فعالیت‌های مرتبط به کشاورزی جهت کاهش سرعت این تغییرات وجود دارند که اجرای به‌موقع آن‌ها می‌تواند بر رفع و یا کاهش آثار سوء و منفی تغییر پوشش اراضی مؤثر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating factors affecting the change of land coverage in the outskirts Of The metropolises (Case study: Rasht city)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Aliakbar Salaripour 1
  • reyhaneh kavianilima 2
  • Zahra ahmadi 2
  • maryam Golpour 2
1 Assistant Professor in urban planning, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 M.A in Urban Planning, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
In recent years, with the increasing population, there have been significant changes in the state of land cover, and this trend will continue in the future. Currently, unprincipled change of the land cover is one of the most important problems in the cities of the country, and many of its harmful effects may become apparent in the near future. This study aims to investigate the situation of land cover change in the outskirts of Rasht metropolis seeks to answer the questions that what are the factors affecting the acceleration of the process of land cover change? What are the strategies to slow down this process and what has been the trend of land use change (agriculture to residential) in Rasht city in recent years? The present study has a descriptive exploratory method and a qualitative approach. In order to collect the required information from the two methods of library studies and survey study through conducting interview in a semi-structured and in-depth method used. Findings and results in this study show that the components affecting the change of marginal land cover can be divided into different social, economic, physical, environmental and managerial categories In this regard, the migration of people from the surrounding villages to the city and the creation of the phenomenon of suburbanization and the tourist nature of Rasht and the high attraction of tourists and increasing the phenomenon of urban dispersion are among the most important factors.In general, it can be concluded that the lands on the outskirts of metropolises are the most important pillars of any city.In this regard, it can be said that there are various strategies such as allocating green taxes for land use change - promoting intermediate development and redefining the position of agricultural activities to reduce the speed of these changes, which Their timely implementation can eliminate or reduce the negative effects of land cover change.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Land cover change
  • Qualitative research
  • outskirts Of The metropolises
  • Rasht
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