امکان‌سنجی اجرای طرح خیابان کامل در منطقه‌ی 6 کلان‌شهر تهران

نوع مقاله : مقالات مستقل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد برنامه‌ریزی شهری ، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ‌ایران

2 استادیار گروه شهرسازی دانشگاه مازندران، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ‌ایران

3 استاد گروه برنامه‌ریزی شهری و منطقه‌ای، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ‌ایران

چکیده

وقوع انقلاب صنعتی، گسترش شتابان شهرنشینی و حرکت از مراکز شهری به سمت حومه‌های شهری سبب ایجاد دید اتومبیل‌محور به معابر شد و عابرین پیاده به‌عنوان مالکان اصلی خیابان به فراموشی سپرده شدند. این شرایط در کلان‌شهری چون تهران نیز به‌تناسب اتفاق افتاد. مرکزیت فضایی وجود فعالیت‌های عملکردی (حکومتی، اداری و تجاری) در منطقه‌ی شش تهران باعث افزایش جذب سفرهای اتومبیل‌محور شده که فراتر از توان شبکه‌ی حمل‌ونقلی این منطقه است. این عوامل نیاز منطقه به مناسب‌سازی ظرفیت‌پذیری معابر را آشکار می‌سازد. در پاسخ به این شرایط، برنامه‌ریزان و طراحان ، ایده‌ی خیابان کامل را که نمونه‌ای از اقدامات معاصر برای مبارزه با پارادایم خودرومحور است ارائه دادند. فلسفه‌ی رویکرد خیابان کامل برقراری ارتباط بین نیازهای مردم، طراحی، پیاده‌سازی، بهره‌برداری و نگهداری از شبکه‌های حمل‌ونقل در پاسخ‌گویی به نیازهای ایمنی و دسترسی کاربران در تمام سنین و توانایی‌ها است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی مناسب‌ترین خیابان جهت ایجاد خیابانی کامل در منطقه‌ی 6 شهر تهران انجام گرفته است. این پژوهش به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و به‌لحاظ روش توصیفی-تحلیلی بوده و برای تجزیه وتحلیل داده‌ها از مدل کمی- کیفی AHP-TOPSIS بهره گرفته شده است. در این پژوهش 4 معیار اصلی و 31 زیرمعیار به‌عنوان ویژگی‌های خیابان کامل در نظرگرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد هریک از معیارهای پیاده‌روی، دوچرخه‌سواری، حمل‌ونقل عمومی و اتومبیل شخصی به‌ترتیب وزن‌های 56/0 ، 26/0 ، 12/0 و 05/0 را به خود اختصاص داده‌اند. همچنین نتایج مدل تاپسیس نشان داد که از بین ده خیابان نمونه در منطقه‌ی شش تهران، بلوار کشاورز دارای بهترین ظرفیت‌ها برای طراحی و اجرای یک خیابان کامل بوده است. این خیابان می‌تواند مهم‌ترین اهداف خیابان کامل را یعنی بازگرداندن انسان به حیات شهری و برنامه‌ریزی انسان‌محور، افزایش سلامت شهروندان، کاهش استفاده از خودروی شخصی و کاهش آلودگی‌های زیست‌محیطی را محقق گرداند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Feasibility Study of the Implementation of Complete Street Plan in District 6 of Tehran

نویسندگان [English]

  • fereshteh dehghan 1
  • Farzin Mahmoudi pati 2
  • Ali Khaksari Rafsanjani 3
1 Master of Urban Planning, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
2 PhD in Urban Planning, Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
3 PhD in Urban and Regional Planning, Professor, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Allameh Tabatabai, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The Industrial Revolution, the rapid expansion of urbanization, and the movement from urban centers to suburbs, created a car-oreinted view of the thoroughfares, and as a result, pedestrians were forgotten as the main users of the streets. In response to this view, designers and planners presented the idea of complete streets, which is an example of contemporary measures to combat the car-centric paradigm, as opposed to the inefficiency of previous approaches. The philosophy of the complete street approach is to connect the needs of the people, and to design, implement, operate and maintain transportation networks to meet the safety needs and to make it accessible for all the users in all ages and abilities. In other words, it is a scientific method for creating multi-purpose systems and routes of motor and non-motor transportation to serve tasks such as: mobility, access, recreation, business, social activities and readability of local communities. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the most suitable street to create a complete street in District 6 of Tehran. This research is purposefully applied and analyzed based on descriptive-analytical method, mixed-method, and AHP-TOPSIS model. Based on theoretical studies in this study, 4 main criteria and 31 sub-criteria were considered as complete street features. According to experts, the results showed that, each of the criteria of walking, cycling, public transportation, and private car, respectively weighed 0.56, 0.26, 0.12 and 0.05. Also, the results of using the TOPSIS model showed that among the statistical population of ten streets in the sixth district of Tehran, Keshavarz Boulevard had the best capacity to design and implement a complete street compared to the considered criteria. This street can achieve the most important goals of the complete street, namely to return people to urban life and human-centered planning, to increase the health of citizens, to reduce the use of private cars, and to reduce environmental pollution

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "City of Tehran"
  • "Street"
  • " Urban Street"
  • "Complete Street"
  • "District 6"
Adams, D. Fardell, A. Roberts, J. et al. (2009). Transforming the Michigan Avenue Corridor, A Complete Streets and Transit-Oriented Development Study, School of Planning, Design & Construction, America: Michigan State University.
Al-Mosaind, M. (2018). Applying complete streets concept in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: opportunities and challenges, Department of Urban Planning, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 129-147.
Atherton, E. Eveleigh, M. Chang, Y. et al. (2016). The Best Complete Streets Policies of 2015, America: Smart Growth America, Making Neighborhoods Great Together, The National Complete Streets Coalition.
City of Johannesburg complete street design guidline. (2006). A World Class African City. Deputy of Urban Planning and Development of Tehran Municipality. (2015-2018), Regional action plan, Tehran municipality action plan.
City Of London. (2018). London­Complete Streets Design Manual.
Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commision.(2021). Trenton [ Complete Streets Design] Handbook.
Falamarzi, A. Cheraghi, S. Atigh Abdollah Rahmat, R & Hafezi, M. (2015), Designing an expert system to implement complete streets. Fourteenth International Conference on Transportation and Traffic Engineering. Tehran: Deputy and Traffic Transportation Organization. (in Persian)
Giti, F. (2013), Complete Street is a path to sustainable urban development. The first international conference and the fourth national conference on urban development. Islamic Azad University of Sanandaj. (in Persian).
Gregg, K., Hess, P. (2018). Complete streets at the municipal level: A review of American municipal Complete Street Policy, International Journal of Sustainable Transportation Volume 13, Issue 6, Pages 407-418.
Habibi, K. Safdarnezhad, M. (2015), Strategic planning of urban tourism and sustainable leisure. Tehran studies and planning center. (in Persian)
Hanson,M .(2017). Measuring the Impact of Complete Streets Projects on Bicyclist and Pedestrian Safety in Sacramento County, CA, School of City & Regional Planning Georgia Institute of Technology.
Jacobs, j. (1961). The death and life of great American cities, London: jonathan cape.
Khaksari, A. Naseri, E & Safarzadeh, M. (2014), Feasibility study and implementation of a complete street plan in Iran to achieve sustainable neighborhood  based development (Case study: Iran-Zamin Street, Ghods Town neighborhood, District 2 of Tehran Municipality), Journal of Transportation Engineering, The sixth year, Second Issue. (in Persian)
Kingsbury, K. T., Lowry, M. B., & Dixon, M. P. (2011). What Makes a “Complete Street” Complete?: A Robust Definition, Given Context and Public Input. Transportation Research Record, 2245(1), 103–110.
Kingsland, D. Bremer-Nei, E. Powell, J. (2017). 2017 State of New Jersey Complete Streets Design Guide, NJDOT Office of Bicycle and Pedestrian Programs America: New Jersey.
Litman, T. (2015). Evaluating Complete Streets: The Value of Designing Roads for Diverse Modes, Users and Activities. Victoria, BC: Victoria Transport Policy Institute.
Local government commission (2015). Complete Streets Big and Small A San Joaquin Valley Economic Development Tool, America.
Los Angeles department of city planning. (2014). Complete streets manual, Los Angeles department of city planning.
Mirzahossein, H. Rasafi, A. Jamali, Z. (2020). The role of accessibility in the interaction between the complete street and development centered on public transportation. Quarterly Journal of Traffic Management Studies. (in Persian)
Mofolasayo, A. (2019). Complete Street Concept, and Ensuring Safety of Vulnerable Road Users, World Conference on Transport Research - WCTR , Mumbai 26-31.
Naghsh Jahan-Pars Consulting Engineers. (2005), Report on the development pattern of Region Six, Tehran Studies and Planning Center. (in Persian)
National Complete Streets Coalition.( 2017). The Best Complete Streets Initiatives of 2017.
Nutter, H.MA. Ben-Amos, A. Brisbon, M. et al. (2009). Philadelphia complete streets design hand book, America: Mayors office transportation and utilities.
Pargali, P.Modiri, A & Shahabian, P .(2012), Develop strategies to upgrade Shahid Beheshti Street in Isfahan to a complete urban street. National Conference on Sustainable Development and Urban Development. Isfahan: Institute of Higher Education. (in Persian)
Rawings, M.M. Alonzo, M. Griggs, Scott. (2013). City of Dallas complete streets design manual, America: Dallas complete streets design manual.
Schlossberg, M. Rowell, J. Amos, D. Sanford, K. (2013). Rethinking Streets An Evidence-Based Guide to 25 Complete Street Transformations, America: university of Oregon, Sustainable cities initiative.
Seskin, S. Murphy, C. Searfoss, L. (2015). Complete streets in the southeast: A toolkit, America: Washington, National complete street coalition smart growth America.
Simpson, J. (2011). Making Complete Street A Reality: Guide to complete streets policy development. New Jersey: department of transportation New Jersey. 1-50.
Slotterback, C.S. Zerger, C. (2013). Complete Streets from Policy to Project, The Planning and Implementation of Complete Streets at Multiple Scales, Final report, School of Public Affairs: University of Minnesota.
Sousa, L. R., & Rosales, J. (2010). Contextually complete streets (pp. 94–106). American Society of Civil Engineers.
Winters, A. (2015). Understanding complete streets: A look into how a complete streets project is defined and influenced within the greater golden horseshoe region, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Francis Xavier University.