تحلیل پروژۀ بازآفرینی شهری محله بوُبور پاریس با استفاده از فرایند مشکل‌گشایی خلاق

نوع مقاله : مقالات مستقل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری دانشگاه زابل، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری دانشگاه زابل، ایران

3 استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری دانشگاه زابل، ایران

4 دانشجوی دکتری معماری دانشگاه تکنولوژی آیندهوون، هلند

چکیده

مقولۀ بازسازی و بهسازی، روند طولانی‌مدتی را پشت سر گذاشته و اکنون در آخرین نسخۀ آن، صاحب‌نظران، بازآفرینی را به‌عنوان راه‌حلی همه‌جانبه مدنظر قرار داده‌اند. نوعی از بهبود که تنها درصدد بهسازی فضای کالبدی نبوده، بلکه جنبه‌های اجتماعی، فرهنگی، اقتصادی و سایر موضوعات این‌چنینی را نیز در عرصۀ موردبررسی و همین‌طور نواحی اطراف آن مدنظر قرار می‌دهد. در طی این نوشتار به مفهوم بازآفرینی و به‌طور اخص، بازآفرینی شهری در کشور فرانسه و شهر پاریس، در محلۀ بوُبور پرداخته‌شده و ارکان موفقیت پروژۀ بازآفرینی شهری این محله موردبررسی قرار گرفته است. این محله که هم‌اکنون، به‌واسطۀ وجود مرکز فرهنگی ژرژ پمپیدو، به یکی از محلات شناخته‌شدۀ این شهر تبدیل شده است، در گذشته یکی از محلات کمتر  توسعه‌یافتۀ پاریس به‌شمار می‌رفت. این بخش از پژوهش، مطالعه‌ای توصیفی‌-تحلیلی است که داده‌های نظری آن، از طریق مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و در بخش جمع‌آوری اطلاعات در مورد وضعیت موجود محله، از طریق مشاهده مستقیم میدانی گردآوری شده است؛ سپس، با در پیش گرفتن روند مطالعات پیگیری، به شناسایی نقاط ضعف این طرح با استفاده از فرایند مشکل‌گشایی خلاق پرداخته شد؛ با توجه به اینکه نویسندگان مقاله، بومی نبوده و نگاه تازه‌ای به ساختار عینی حاکم بر این محله داشته‌اند، یافتن نقاط ضعفی که از دید ناظر فرانسوی مقیم مخفی مانده باشد، در دستور کار قرار گرفت و جبهۀ غربی ارسن کلیسای سنت مری، به‌عنوان نقطۀ ضعف پروژۀ بازآفرینی محلۀ بوُبور شناسایی شد و با هدف ادامۀ روند بازآفرینی و تسرّی دادن ارکان موفقیت آن به نقطه‌ضعف شناسایی‌شده، یک روند تحقیق و توسعه‌ای برای ارائۀ راهکارهای عملی دنبال شده است. در نتیجۀ نهایی و راهکارهای ارائه‌شده، مفهوم تراسه، به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین رکن موفقیت پروژۀ بازآفرینی محلۀ بوُبور، ابزار کار نویسندگان بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of the urban regeneration of "Beaubourg" neighborhood of Paris by Using Creative Problem-Solving Process

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abolfazl Heidari 1
  • Jamshid Davtalab 2
  • Zohreh Oveisi Keikha 3
  • Sadra Saheb Zadeh 4
1 Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Zabol, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Zabol, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Zabol, Iran
4 Ph.D. Student, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Technology, University of Technology, Eindhoven Netherlands
چکیده [English]

Reconstruction and rehabilitation have gone through a long period, and now in its latest version, experts have considered regeneration as a comprehensive solution. A kind of improvement that not only seeks to improve the physical space but also considers the social, cultural, economic, and other aspects of such issues in the field as well as the surrounding areas. In this research, the concept of urban regeneration and in particular, urban regeneration in France and the city of Paris, in the “Beaubourg” neighborhood has been discussed and the pillars of the success of the urban regeneration project of this neighborhood have been studied. The neighborhood, which has now become one of the best-known neighborhoods of the city through the “George Pompidou Center”, was one of the less developed neighborhoods of Paris in the past. This part of the research is a descriptive-analytic study whose theoretical data have been collected through library studies and in the section of collecting information about the current situation of the neighborhood through direct field observation. Then, following the process of follow-up studies, the weaknesses of this plan were identified using a creative problem-solving process. Considering that the authors of the article were not native and had a new look at the objective structure of the neighborhood, finding weaknesses that were hidden from the French resident observer was on the agenda, and the western front of the Arsene of “Saint-Merry” cathedrals courtyard, was identified as a weak point of the Beaubourg neighborhood regeneration project. To continue the process of recreating and extending its success to the identified weak point, a research process and development have been pursued to provide practical solutions. In the final result and presented solutions, the concept of “Terrace”, as the most important pillar of the success of the Beaubourg neighborhood regeneration project, has been the authors' work tool.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Regeneration
  • Paris Beaubourg neighborhood
  • Terrace

مراجع

Aghaeizadeh, E., Hesam, M., Mohammadzadeh, R. (2019). Evaluation of social capital in the process of urban regeneration in the urban problematic fabric (Case Study: Rasht), Journal of Urban Structure and Function Studies, 19(6): 145-167. (In Persian)
Askarian, R., Khorrambakht, A., Afifi, M.E. (2021). Feasibility of the integrated planning and management system for the regeneration of historical textures: A case study on Tabriz Metropolis, Journal of Urban Structure and Function Studies, 29(8): 193-211. (In Persian)
Azizi, M. M., Bahra, B. (2017). The Role of Flagship Developments in the Regeneration of Inner-City Textures: The Case Study of Yazd City, Iran, Journal of Fine Arts: Architecture & Urban Planning, 22(4): 5-16. doi:
10.22059/jfaup.2018.227156.671653. (In Persian)
Bani Mas’ud, A. (2015). Western Architecture, Roots and Concepts, Honar Memari gharn Press, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
Bazi, Kh., Moammeri, E., Sayad Salar, Y. (2019). Prioritization of Urban Neighborhoods in terms of the physical structure of housing for urban regeneration (study: Gorgan city), Journal of Urban Structure and Function Studies, 23(7): 131-150. (In Persian)
Boelens, L. (2009). The Urban Connection: An Actor-relational Approach to Urban Planning. paris: 010 Uitgeverij.
Couch, C. & Sykes, O. & Borstinghaus, W. (2011). Thirty years of urban regeneration in Britain, Germany and France: The importance of context and path dependency. Progress in Planning, 1-52.
Dean, K., & Trillo, C. (2019). Assessing sustainability in housing led urban regeneration: Insights from a housing association in Northern England. Architecture_MPS, 15(2), 1-18.
Fasihi, H., Movahed, A., Parizadi, T., Abbasi, B. (2022). Investigating the Role of Urban Regeneration in the Desirability of Public Spaces: A Case Study on Haram Public Space in Shahr-e Rey, Tehran, Iran), Journal of Urban Structure and Function Studies, 31(9): 51-67. (In Persian)
Gibson, M. & Kocabas, A. (2001). London: Sustainable Regeneration- Challenge and Response. 1st International Urban Design Meeting. Istanbul, Turkey.
Golabchi, M. (2011). Future Systems the Story of Tomorrow, University of Tehran Press. Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
Golshahi, M., Sargolzaei, Sh., Ghazi, R. (2021). Sustainable Regeneration of Problematic Neighborhoods of Border Metropolises with an Emphasis on New Urbanism and its Promotion Strategies: A Case Study, Journal of Urban Structure and Function Studies, 29(8): 125-148. (In Persian)
Haghighi Boroojeni, S., Yazdanfar, S. A., Behzadfar, M. (2015). The Role of Outdoor Cafes in Urban Regeneration Case of Isfahan Chahar Bagh Avenue, Journal of Fine Arts: Architecture & Urban Planning, 20(3): 31-42.
doi: 10.22059/jfaup.2015.56876. (In Persian)
Hannachi, P., Khademzadeh, M., Kamelnia, H., Shayan, H.R., Mahdinejad, J. (2007). Comparative Study of Urban Restoration Experiences in Iran and the World Tehran). Sobhan Noor publishing, First edition. (In Persian)
Hassanshahi Varposhti, M., Zaree, Z., Mehrpouya, M. (2022). Sustainable Regeneration of Deteriorated Urban Area in Framework of Problem Planning by Using Creative Problem-Solving Process (Case Study: Deteriorated Texture of Khalaja Neighborhood), Urban Sustainable Development journal, 7(3): 61-83. (In Persian)
Henderson, J. (2002). Quality problem solving Method And its Effectiveness at Nortech Inc. Bemidji state University.
Huysmans, J.-K. (1908). Trois églises et Trois primitifs. Paris: Librairie Plon.
Jahed Ghadami, M., Andalib. A.R., Majedi, M. (2020). An analysis of key factors affecting the recreation of dysfunctional neighborhoods with emphasis on Housing providing, Journal of Urban Structure and Function Studies, 24(7): 179-204. (In Persian)
Koolhaas, R. (1995). Congestion Whithout Matter, in S.M.L. XL. Rotterdam: 010 Publishers.
Korkmaz, C., & Balaban, O. (2020). Sustainability of urban regeneration in Turkey: Assessing the performance of the North Ankara Urban Regeneration Project.Habitat International, 95, 1-14.
Kotze, N., & de Vries, L. (2019). Resuscitating the African Giant: Urban Regeneration and Inner-City Redevelopment Initiatives along the ‘Corridors of Freedom ‘in Downtown Johannesburg. Geographia Polonica, 92(1), 57-70.
Li, L. & Hong, G. & Wang, A. & Liu, B. & Li, Z. (2016). Evaluating the Performance of Public Involvement for Sustainable Urban Regeneration. International Confrence on Sustainable Design, Engineering and Construction, 1493-1500. Procedia Engineering.
Liu, Y. (2016). Cultural Event and Urban Regeneration: Lessons from Liverpool as the 2008 European Capital of Culture. European Review, 24(1), 159-176.
Mansour Falamaki, M. (2012). Revitalisation of Historical Monuments & Cities, University of Tehran Press. Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
McDonald, S. & Malys, N. & Maliene, V. (2009). Urban regeneration for sustainable communities: A case study. Ukio Technologinis ir Ekonominis Vystymas, 15(1), 49-59.
Oldenburg, R. (1991). The great good place: Cafes, coffee shops,bookstores, bars, hair salons and other hangouts at the heart of a community. New York: Marlowe.
Parizadi, T., Zarei, F., Moradi, M. (2017). Analysing the urban development stimuli in historical area (A case study of Qom city), Journal of Urban Structure and Function Studies, 15(4): 7-31. (In Persian)
Peyvastehgar, Y., Mohamadidoost, S., Heydari, A., allah Rahimi, E. (2017). Facilitating performance evaluation offices old urban tissue In the process of Sustainable Urban Regeneration (Case offices in Shiraz major facilitator), Journal of Research and Urban Planning, 30(8): 225-244. (In Persian)
Philippe, B. (2011). Centre Pompidou; Creation in heart of paris. Paris: CENTRE POMPIDOU.
Pourmosavi, N., Jamshidi Sheikhiabadi, A., Lorzangeneh, M. (2023). Applying the principles of Neo-urbanism and sense of place in the regeneration of Abshouran neighborhood in Kermanshah, Journal of Urban Structure and Function Studies, 34(10): 179-215. (In Persian)
Proctor, T. (2002). Creative problem solving for managers. (3rd ed.). NewYork: Routledge.
Radaei, M., Salehi, E., Faryadi, Sh., Masnavi, M.R., Zebardast, L. (2020). Codifying the Rules of Ecological Wisdom in Planning for the Regeneration of Livability in the Neighborhoods of Desert Cities (Case Study: City of Yazd), Journal of Urban Structure and Function Studies, 27(7): 193-219. (In Persian)
Rasoli, M., Hajizadeh Anari, H., Saeedpour, Sh., Hooshang, M.M., Qobadi, Sh. (2023). Presenting Event-Based Regeneration Strategies of Urban Decay Fabrics (Case Study: Sanandaj City), Urban Sustainable Development journal, 11(4): 51-70. (In Persian)
Roberts, P. (2000). The evolution, definition and purpose of urban regeneration;Urban Regeneration A Handbook. London: Sage Publications.
Ruijsbroek, A., Wong, A., van den Brink, C., Droomers, M., van Oers, H. A. M., Stronks, K., & Kunst, A. E. (2019). Does selective migration bias the health impact assessment of urban regeneration programmes in cross-sectional studies? Findings from a Dutch case study. Health & place, 55, 155-164.
Searle, G. & Darchen, S. & Huston, S. (2014). Positive and negative factors for Transit Oriented Development: Case studies from Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney. Urban Policy and Research, 437-457.
Smith, A. (2016). Events in the city: Using public spaces as event venues. Kidlington oxford: Routledge.
Soleimanimoghadam, P., Ghandhari, M., Piri, F. (2018). Analysing livabilty and vitality of urban eroded sturctures (A Case study of Ameri neighborhood of Ahvaz, Journal of Urban Structure and Function Studies, 17(5): 93-114. (In Persian)
Tahri, F. (2014). Identification and analysis of urban planning problems in District 8 of Tehran using creative problem-solving techniques, 2nd international congress of structure, architecture and urban development, Tabriz, Iran. (In Persian)
Toobchi Sani, A., Masoud, M., Rabbani, A., Sarami Foroshani, G. (2022). Scenari- Based Planning and Its Application in Sustainable Urban Regeneration (Case Study: Deteriorated Urban Context of Dargahan, Qeshm Island), Urban Sustainable Development journal, 7(3): 40-59. (In Persian)
Turok, I. (2004). Urban Regeneration: what can be done and what should be avoided? International Urban Regeneration Implementations Symposium. Istanbul: Lütfi Kırdar Exhibition Centre.
www.dictionary.com/browse/terrace. (2022, september 13). Retrieved september 13, 2022, from www.dictionary.com/:
www.dictionary.com/browse/terrace
Yi, X. & Zhai, F. (2022). Events as a means to foster knowledge-driven urban development: Experience from the new district development in Nanjing, Frontiers of Architectural Research. 11, 815-829.
 
مطالعات ساختار و کارکرد شهری
دوره 11، شماره 40
1403
صفحه 51-82

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 13 دی 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 03 اسفند 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 12 اردیبهشت 1403

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار